Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty, The American Nation: A History of the United States,
12th
edition (New York: Pearson-Longman, 2006). Prologue and Chapters 1-11.
Prologue
As food became scarce in Siberia hunters migrated into Alaska then the Great
Plains in search of
big game. 3.7; 3.9
Tribes settle. Poverty Point on the Mississippi River was a settlement around
1000 BC. 7B.1-2
Teotihuacan was an urban Aztec civilization in Mexico. The Incas developed a
civilization in
Peru. Both cultivated corn. 9A.8-B.7
Corn spread to the southwest and the Mississippi Valley. 11A.6
Tribes that grew corn coexisted with tribes that hunted and foraged. Corn and
meat were traded.
In time there was conflict. 11B.8
By 1000 BC, Cahokia was a center of trade, religion, and government. 12A.3
It was the first urban center in North America and dominated the southeast
(Mississippi) 13B.2
Communities failed due to drought, soil exhaustion, erosion, starvation,
disease, and warfare.
13B.6-14A.5
Europe was overpopulated, and there were hunger riots. 15A.9-B.5
Leif Ericson 16.B.3
Chapter 1 Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas
economic motivation for Columbus’s expedition 20A.3
Prince Henry the Navigator 20A.9-B.1; 20B.3
Columbus 21A.7-22A.1
Treaty of Tordesillas (a.k.a. Papal Demarcation Line) 22A.3-5
Balboa, Cortez, Magellan, Pizzaro, Ponce de Leon, Navarez, de Vaca, de Soto,
Coronado
22A.5-B.7; see map, p. 21
Spanish colonization was a record of aggression, expropriation, enslavement,
conquest, and
extermination. 22B.9-23A.1; 23A.5; 23B.1; 23B.2-4
Native Americans were not Christians, and there was an effort to convert them.
24A.6-8
Native Americans depended on hunting, fishing, and land that were not portable.
Aztecs had
silver and gold that they valued for beauty and durability rather than
wealth. 24A.9-B.3
Native American land use was not based on land titles or treaties. 24B.6;
24B.9-25A.7
American Holocaust 25B.5-8
The Spanish needed Native Americans to work the mines; the French needed Native
Americans
to acquire furs; the English needed Native Americans for food and
information. 25B.4
disease 27A.3
John Cabot, Verrazano, Cartier 26A.7-B.1
Drake 29A.4-7
Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, Newfoundland 24A.7-9
Raleigh, Virginia, Roanoke Island (the Lost Colony) 29B.1-2
Richard Hakluyt: 4 reasons for British colonization 30A.4-7
Virginia, London Co., Jamestown, joint stock company 30A.9-B.3
malaria, Indian attacks, arduous work, indentured service 33B.3-6
Captain Smith and Pocahontas 31A.2-7
a cash crop: tobacco 32A.1-2
The House of Burgesses and representative government 32A.7
Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England. 32B.7-33A.4
The Pilgrims who went to Plymouth Plantation under William Bradford believed
that the Church
of England was irreformable and advocated separation from the Church of
England. 33A.9
Mayflower Compact 36A.2-4
Massachusetts Bay Co. 36B.6
William Laud pressured the Puritans. 36B.7-37A.5
the great migration 37A.8
Puritans of Massachusetts Bay Co. went to Boston under John Winthrop. The
colony was to
be “a Citty upon a 'Hill,” a holy commonwealth, a “modelle of Christian
charity.” 37B.5-8
Voting rights were restricted to male church members. 37B.9-38A.1
3 differences of opinion between Roger Williams and John Winthrop 38A.7-39A.2
Anne Hutchinson 39A.2-9
Champlain 39B.9-40A.1
Henry Hudson 40A.2-3
proprietors; George Calvert (a.k.a. Lord Baltimore) 40B.6-41A.1
Maryland Toleration Act 41A.3
The British took over New Amsterdam. 42B.6-7
Berkeley and Carteret: New Jersey 43A.2-4
Quakers, William Penn, “The Holy Experiment” 43A.9-B.1
Europeans considered themselves superior to the Indian “savages.” 45A.8-9
Chapter 2 American Society in the Making
3 difficulties in settling Chesapeake Bay 51B.7-53A.2
the headright system 53B.2-3
indentured servants 53B.5-6
Explain class struggle in Virginia between landowners and squatters. 54A.3-B.1
3 reasons why there was prejudice against Africans 55A.5-7
3 reasons why slaves became a more common source of labor than indentured
servants
55B.7-65A.1
Bacon’s Rebellion 57A.7-58A.1
3 consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion 58A.4-6
Since the south could trade produce for manufactured goods, it did not
industrialize, whereas the
north had to develop manufacturing. 58B.3-4
Slave Codes in South Carolina in 1740. 3 restrictions on enslaved
persons. 58B.9-59A.6
Some Quakers opposed slavery from the beginning. 58B.9-59A.6
the life of southern women 60A.5-6
The Anglican Church was the established religion in Virginia. 60B.7
Scotch-Irish and German immigrants populated the backcountry in the
1770s. 62A.1
In Puritan New England, the nuclear family was the basic unit in society. The
father was boss
and was responsible for the support and behavior of all family members.
The role of Puritan
women and children 63A.7-B.1
The Halfway
Covenant of the 1660s; its relationship to voting; its reflection of religious
observance 64A.5-7; 64B.2-3; 64B.5-6
the role of government in supporting religion in New England 64B.9-65A.1
the Salem witch trials 65B.8-66B.5
Harvard College was established in 1636 to train clergymen. 66B.6-7
The literacy of white males in New England was almost universal. 67B.6-7
The geography prevented New Englanders from raising a cash crop, and so
they turned to
banking, fishing, and ship building. 70B.5; 72A.6
triangular trade 72A.7-8
Leisler’s Rebellion 75A.7-9
the contribution of John Peter Zenger to freedom of the press 75A.7-9
the Paxton Boys and results of their uprising 75b7-76A.1
rebellious women: Anne Hutchinson, women of Salem, Quaker women, Bacon’s
Rebellion
76A.3-B.2
In politics there was a shift from monarchism to equality. There was not this
shift in family life.
76B.3
Chapter 3 America in the British Empire
The colonies were the king’s to do with as he wished. 79.7-9
mercantilism 81B.2-3; 81B.7
Navigation Acts 82A.2; 82B.6-7
salutary neglect 83B.7-9
The interests of the colonists were primarily local, but there was a growing
consciousness of
being American. 84A.5-7
George Whitefield 87A.9-B.6; Old Lights and New Lights 84B.7
Jonathan Edwards 81B.7-86A.7-9
“The Great Awakening was the first truly national event in American history.”
86B.4
Unitarianism; Benjamin Franklin was a deist. 87B.7-8
Benjamin Franklin, a son of the Enlightenment 88A.4-5; 88A.8-89A.2
The French and English clashed over the fur trade. The French, allied with the
Algonquins and
the Hurons, clashed with the English and the Iroquois Confederation.
89B.1
G. Washington was sent to the Pennsylvania frontier. 92B.2-93A.1
Braddock’s defeat 92A.4
Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham, and France lost Canada
to England.
93B.9-94A.7
Peace of Paris, 1763. Half a continent changed hands. 94B.6 See map, 95.
Economic conditions had changed. 95A.9-B.6
Americans wanted to expand westward. 96A.3
Franklin’s Albany Plan (of Union) was rejected. 97B.9
Garraty’s opinion: King George III was not a tyrant; a jerk, maybe, but not a
tyrant. 96A.5
The British looked down on the Americans during the war. 96A.6-B.1
Garraty’s opinion: Harsh British measures following the French and Indian War
led to the
American Revolution. 96B.4
Pontiac’s Rebellion 97A.6
Proclamation Line 97A.8-B.2 (map, 98)
the Grenville Acts; Smugglers would be tried in British, not colonial, courts.
97B.7-98A.7
Taxation without representation; James Otis; Locke said that property cannot be
taken without
consent. 98A.9-B.8
“virtual” representation 99A.3
The colonists would not be satisfied with representation in Parliament. 99A.6
the Stamp Act 99B.3-100A.4
a direct tax 100A.6
the Stamp Act Congress 100A.8-B.1
the Sons of Liberty 100B.2
Britain had to make its defiant children obey. 101B.8-102A.1
The British did not think of the colonists as their equals. 102A.4-5
The boycott hurt British merchants who pressured Parliament to repeal the Stamp
Act. 102A.6
the Declaratory Act 102A.8; 102B.-6
the Townshend Acts 103A.2
Circular Letters from the Massachusetts General Court (i.e. the legislature)
103A.8
John Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer: Parliament had no right to tax
the colonists.
103B.1-2
the Boston Massacre 103B.8-104A.6
The Townshend Acts, except the tea tax, were repealed. 104A.8
the burning of the Gaspee 104B.4
the Committees of Correspondence 104B.6-7
the British East India Tea Company 104B.8
Lord North’s plan 105A.7-B.1
The colonists had to pay a small tax on imported tea. 105B.4
the Boston Tea Party 105B.7-8
Britain’s hard-headed response 106B.3
3 Coercive Acts 106B.6-7
Most colonists were willing to accept some regulation by the British Empire, but
Parliament
insisted on its unlimited authority over the colonies. 107A.8-B.6
the First Continental Congress; the Galloway Plan 107B.9-108A.1
Chapter 4 The American Revolution
“The New England governments are in a state of rebellion. Blows must decide
whether they are
to be subject to this country or independent.” (King George III) 111.7
Redcoats occupied Boston, and the minuteman mobilized. 112A.3-4
Lexington and Concord 112A.5-B.6
the Olive Branch Petition 113B.8
4 reasons why many colonists were reluctant to break away from England 114A.2-8
Tom Paine wrote Common Sense. He called for independence.
The king is a brute and a tyrant.
114B.2-3
4 (out of 27) “injuries and usurpations” 115B.9-116A.4
4 advantages of the Americans 116B.4-7
4 advantages of the British 117A.9-B.5
3 weaknesses of the Americans 117B.6-8
John Adams said that 1/3 of the colonists fought for independence, 1/3 were
loyal to Britain, 1/3
were fence straddlers. 118A.2
Garraty says that two-fifths were patriots. One-fifth was loyal to Britain.
118A.4
4 motivations for remaining loyal to Britain 118A.5-7
Washington crossing the Delaware, boost in morale. The Battle of Trenton was the
Americans’
first offensive victory. Princeton 119A.8-B.7
Victory at Saratoga was the turning point of the war and led to an alliance with
France.
120B.7-121A.8
Valley Forge, Lafayette 122A.7-8
victory at Yorktown 123B.5-126A.7 (not including The Patriot)
terms of the Treaty of Paris 127B.9-128B.3
State constitutions created weak governors and strong legislatures. 130A.8-B.1
the end of primogeniture, quitrents, and established churches in
some places 130B.9-131A.4
slavery 131A.5-8
states began to abolish slavery 131B.2-3: 131B.5
4 effects of the Revolution on women 133B.1-5
In the American Revolution, the desire for independence came before
nationalism. Nationalism
developed during the war. 133B.8-134A.1
some pre-war nationalism 134A.2-3
Atlantic states ceded western land to the federal government. map 135
Land Ordinance of 1785 135B.8
Land Ordinance of 1787; steps to statehood 135B.8-136A.7
Chapter 5 The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant
3 significant accomplishments that show that the government under the
Articles of Confederation
was not totally chaotic 141.8-9
The British still occupied the frontier and stirred up the Indians
against the Americans. 142A.2-3
Many states did not pay debts owed to Britain nor did they restore
property to loyalists. 142A.4-5
Spain closed the lower Mississippi River to commerce. 142B.3-5
What was Adam Smith’s position on government regulation of trade? 143A.4
Britain still tried to enforce mercantilism on America. 143A.6
4 problems in economic hard times 143A.8-B.1
The Articles of Confederation did not authorize Congress to impose tariffs.
143B.2
inflation and debt 143B.9-144A.2
Shays’s Rebellion 144A.9-B.5
the Annapolis Convention 145A.5-7
Hamilton proposed a convention in Philadelphia to reform the Articles. 145B.1
The Roman Republic and the ideals of Locke, Hobbes, and Montesquieu were models
for the US
Constitution. 145B.9
2 widely held principles 146A.5-7
powers of the national government 146B.5-8
the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan 146B.9-147A.2
the Great Compromise 147A.6
the Three-fifths Compromise 147A.8-B.1
The government was
created by the people through representatives elected specifically to ratify
the Constitution. It was not ratified by state legislatures.
149A.2
2 points of contrast between Federalists and Anti-Federalists 149A.5-6
Civil liberties and states’ rights would be added by later amendments.
150A.8-9
The Federalist Papers 150B.7-9; 151A.9-B.1
4 characteristics of G. Washington as president 151B.8-154A.3 (not including
mapping)
the Bill of Rights; Name 7 rights contained therein. 154B.2-4
the Tenth Amendment, the states’ rights amendment 154B.6
problems of the new government 154B.9
Hamilton’s opinion of democracy 155A.7-8
Hamilton's opinion on states’ rights 155B.5
Hamilton wanted the federal government to redeem bonds at face value and
to assume state
debts. 155B.7
Bond speculators made a killing. 155B.8-156A.1
3 functions of the National Bank 156A.8-B.1
Was the Bank constitutional? What were Hamilton’s reasons for and Jefferson’s
reasons against
constitutionality? 156B.4-6
the elastic clause 156B.7-8
loose constructionism and strict constructionism in interpreting the
Constitution 156B.8-157A.1
The British incited Native Americans to attack settlers. 157B.1
Hamilton wanted a federal tax on whiskey. 157B.7
Resistance to the tax on whiskey was intense in
Pennsylvania. 158A.2
President G. Washington did not honor a treaty obligation and issued his
Proclamation of
Neutrality. 158A.3-B.
Citizen Genet 158B.2-6
The British seized US ships. 159A.2-4
The Constitution made no provision for political parties. What two
functions did political parties
serve? 159A.7-8
Hamilton and the Federalists supported the Bank, assumption of state debts, a
protective tariff,
Britain, and the rich and the well born. Jefferson and the
Democratic-Republicans supported
states’s rights, civil liberties, the French, farmers, and debtors.
159B.5-160A2
the Whiskey Rebellion 160A.4-B.2
the Jay Treaty 162A.2-5
the Pinckney Treaty with Spain 162A.2-5162B.4-8
In his Farewell Address, President G. Washington warned against the rivalry and
divisiveness of
political parties and against entangling alliances with
foreign nations. 162B.4-8
the X Y Z Affair 163A.9-164A.7
the Alien and Sedition Acts: Naturalization Act, Alien Enemies Act, Alien
Act and Sedition Act
165A.25
the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves: the Compact Theory 165A.8-B.2
Convention of 1800 abrogated the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 165B.9
Chapter 6
Jeffersonian Democracy
The
election of 1800 showed the necessity to amend the Constitution so that each
elector could
cast one vote for president and one vote for vice-president. 169.7-8
3 accomplishments of the Federalists 170A.7-8
Was “the Revolution of 1800” a revolution? 170B.5-6
For Jefferson, the ideal America was a nation of farmers. He preferred a rural
America to an
urban culture that was prone to regulation, vice and ignorance.
172A.3-6
3 of Jefferson’s goals 172B.3
Marbury v Madison: The Marshall court declared an act of Congress
unconstitutional (judicial
review). 174A.8-B.1
“The shores of Tripoli;” Stephen Decatur 174B.9-175A.3
the slave revolt led by Toussaint Louverture 175B.7
The Louisiana Purchase; Jefferson’s scruple that the Constitution did not
empower the president
to acquire new territory 177A4-7 see map of the Louisiana Purchase,
180-181
The Essex Junto; The Northern Confederacy 178A.1-3
Burr shuts Hamilton’s mouth in Weehawken, NJ. 178B.1-3
4 accomplishments of the Lewis and Clark expedition 179A.8-B.5
the Burr conspiracy 183A.7-9
the impressment of American sailors 185A.9-B.4; 185B.8
the British ship Leopard boarded and then fired upon the US ship
Chesapeake. 186B.5-6
The Embargo Act; its effects 187A.4-187B.2
Chapter 7 National Growing Pains
Macon’s Bill #2, “non-intercourse” 192A.3-5
William Henry Harrison’s mistreatment of Native Americans 192B.3-6
Tecumseh was anti-white; his brother “The Prophet”; defeated by Harrison at the
Battle of
Tippecanoe 192B.7-193A.8
the War Hawks 195A.1-2
USS Constitution (Old Ironsides), Stephen Decatur 195B.7-9
Oliver Hazard Perry: “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” 198A.7-8 (See
picture, 198.)
the British torched the White House. 199A.9-B.1
the Treaty of Ghent 201A.1-2
the Hartford Convention 201A.4-B.3
Andrew Jackson, the Old Hero of New Orleans 202B.2-3; (See picture, 203.)
Russia and the Quadruple Alliance were threats to the US. 205A.6-9
4 assertions of the Monroe Doctrine 206A.-6
the Era of Good Feelings 207A.8-9
In 1816, infant industries, farmers and even southerners and westerners favored
the protective
tariff. The New England shipping trade opposed it. 208A.7-B.2
3 reasons why Jeffersonians opposed the national bank 208B.4-5
sectional attitudes on slavery 210A.7-B.7
John Quincy Adams favored the tariff and internal improvements and opposed
slavery. 211A.7
Daniel Webster usually supported New England businessmen. At first he opposed
the tariff and
the Bank. Later he flip-flopped on these two issues. He opposed cheap
land, internal
improvements and slavery. 212A.2-3
3 provisions of the Missouri Compromise 214B.6-8
The election of 1824 had to be decided in the House of Representatives.
216B.2-4
Garraty’s harsh evaluation of J.Q. Adams; the corrupt bargain 217A.2-8
Calhoun’s South Carolina Exposition and Protest; compact theory; state
interposition;
nullification 217B.7-200A.2 (not including mapping)
the meaning of sectionalism: sectional differences could be mutually
beneficial. Americans were
patriotic. The nation was growing. God smiled on the American
experiment. 220A.3-B.4
Chapter 8 Toward a National Economy
Lowell system: water powered textile manufacturing 224B.9-225B.6
The gap widened between owners and workers. 228A.1-2
There were some efforts to organize labor, 1830-1850 (during the Jackson years),
but they were
largely unsuccessful. 228A.3-4
3 reasons why the organization of labor was not strong 228A.4-7
The Waltham System; young women work in textile mills and live in boarding
houses; motives
for working; protests against low wages 228B.9-229A.9; 229B.8-230A.2
The South supplied cotton to northern textile factories. 232A.5
The cotton gin transformed southern agriculture. 233A.4-B.2; See charts on
233.
The revolutionary generation prized property more than the liberty of
African-Americans.
234A.5-6
colonization: Quakers attempted to relocate freed, former enslaved persons in
Africa.
234B.2-5
The American Colonization Society was largely unsuccessful. 234A.6-7
The growth of the cotton industry required more laborers. 234B.9-235A.2
4 restrictions in the north on free, former enslaved persons 235A.8-9
the transportation revolution: turnpikes, internal improvements the National
Road, Robert
Fulton’s steamboat, Erie Canal 239B237A.4; 237A.9-B.1; 239A.8-9;
240B.4
John Marshall’s decisions favored business. 244A.2-5
Chapter 9 Jacksonian Democracy
4 developments that promoted more democracy 250A.9-B.5
The purpose of political parties was to win elections. 250B.7-8
the election of 1824: electoral deadlock; president was selected by the House of
Representatives;
“the corrupt bargain” 251A.7
3 reasons for Jackson’s popular appeal 252B.6-253A.1
rotation in office; Jackson’s attitude on qualifications for holding public
office 253A.7-B.1
kitchen cabinet 253B.7
Webster’s national theory of union 254B.1-2
2 objections to Biddle’s policies 255B.7
Webster and Clay wanted an issue with which to defeat Jackson in the 1832
election.
256A.5
3 reasons for Jackson’s opposition to the bank 256A.6-8
“pet banks” 257A.5-7
animosity between Jackson, and Calhoun; “Our federal union: it must be
preserved.”;
the Eaton Affair; clash over states’ rights 257B.6-258A.4
Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans: They were savages incapable of self
government;
the policy of Indian removal 258A.6-B.7
the Trail of Tears 258B.9-259B.8; map, 259
the slave uprisings of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner 261A.2-4
Jackson’s attitude toward Calhoun and nullification 261A.8-B.1
Jackson’s specie circular and its effects 263A.2-4
2 of Jackson’s accomplishments in foreign policy 263A.8-9
3 types of people who joined the Whigs 265A.8-B.4
one thing on which all Whigs agreed 265B.6
Chapter 10 The Making of Middle Class America
deToqueville on equality and wealth in America 274B.3-5
Garraty’s critique of deToqueville 274B.5-9
urban growth 275A.9-B.8
deToqueville: equality reigns around the hearth; women are placed on a pedestal;
new power of
mothers; objections to the cult of motherhood; Godey’s Ladies Book;
smaller
families 276A.9-B.8
Lydia Child’s The Mother’s Book 277A.9-B.5
The Second Great Awakening opposed the Calvinist doctrines of the depravity of
man and
predestination. 277B.9-278A.9
the frontier preaching of Charles Grandison Finney 278B.9-279A.3
the Oneida Community 281A.5-7
the Mormons 281A.7-282A.3
Robert Owen at New Harmony, Indiana 282A.5-6
Charles Fourier 282A.7-B.1
Dorothea Dix 284A.3-6
extent of drinking in the 1820s 284A.9-B.5
the American Temperance Union 284B.7-8
Charles Grandison Finney: alcoholism is a barrier to religious conversion.
285A.1
Neal Dow 285A.5
3 humanitarian anti-slavery arguments 285A.7-8
Benjamin Lundy: persuasion, colonization 288A.1-2
William Lloyd Garrison: immediate abolition, The Liberator, denounced the
US Constitution
288A.3-6
In his early years, Frederick Douglass demanded social, political and economic
equality.
289A.4-8
Douglass later became more moderate and favored gradual emancipation and working
within the
system. 289A.9-B.1
women’s consciousness raising 20A.8-B.1
Margaret Fuller, the Grimke sisters, Lucretia Mott, Lydia Child 290B.2-4;
290B.6-8
Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Seneca Falls Convention 290B.9-291A.6
Chapter 11 A Democratic Culture
4
tenets of romanticism 297A.7-B.6
5 tenets of transcendentalism 297B.9-298A.3
3 beliefs of Emerson as found in the “American Scholar” address at Harvard
298A.7-8
Emerson on government 298B.2-3
Thoreau on wealth and government 299A.5-6
Thoreau on social behavior, the Mexican War, taxation, and participation
in reform movements
299B.5-9
Poe’s writings 300B.2-6
Hawthorne on Puritanism 300B.9-301A.6
Melville on optimism, European ties, the inherent good of people,
transcendentalism
302A.5-6
Moby Dick 302A.9-B.1
Walt Whitman, a transcendentalist, “Leaves of Grass” 302B.4-303A.1; 303B.1-3
the Hudson River School of artists 305B.9-306A.5
Horace Mann; 3 motives for public education 306B.5-307B.6
Chapter 12 Expansion and Slavery
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty 318B.4-8
Why did Jackson hesitate to annex Texas? 320B.2
Manifest Destiny 321A.8-9
the life of women on the frontier 321B.6-324A.2 (not including mapping)
the Oregon Trail 324A.3-B.6
3 things that Polk favored or opposed 325B.9-326B.1
3 of Polk’s accomplishments 327A.2-3
2 reasons for protesting “Mr. Polk's War” 329B.6-330A.7
John C. Fremont 330A.9-B.6
3 terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 332A.2
The San Francisco `49ers 327B.7...332A.8-B.3
slavery in the territories, a moral issue 332B.4-9
The Wilmot Proviso 333A.4-6
Lewis Cass’s theory of “popular sovereignty” 333B.1-2
the gold rush 334B.3-6
4 terms of the Compromise of 1850 336B.9-337A.7
Chapter 13 The Sections Go Their Ways
Cotton was king. Railroads, the west, immigration, industrialization 341.7
the price and extent of slavery 342A.6-7; 342B.9-343A.8: See chart, 233.
Northerners made a profit on southern cotton. 344A.2-3
literacy among whites and blacks, north and south 344A.4-B.2
plantation life 344B.3-345A.3
the life of enslaved persons 345A.6-B.6; 346A.8-B.7
Denmark Vesey; Nat Turner’s Revolt and its consequences 347A.1-4
Importing slaves was outlawed, but about 54,000 were brought in
illegally. 347B.4
the corrosive effect of slavery 348.A2-3; 348A.7
manufacturing in the south 349B.3
manufacturing in the north 349B.5
American laborers resented immigrants, and the Irish immigrants down on the
blacks.
350B.8-351A.2
the labor movement, 1830-50; Commonwealth v. Hunt 351B.3-7
The Erie Canal 357A.2-5
railroads, 1848-1852 358A.1-3
John Deere (plows) 359B.4
Cyrus McCormick (reaper) 360A.7-9
Chapter 14 The Coming of the War
disobedience of the Fugitive Slave Law 365.7-366A.5
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe made public the plight of
enslaved
persons. 367A.8
Ostend Manifesto 370A.7
Stephen A. Douglas embraced the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Slavery was a
curse
but not a moral issue. 321A.4-B.1
The Whig Party was torn apart by pro-slave “Cotton Whigs” and anti-slave
“Conscience
Whigs.” 371A.5-7
President Pierce was weak (blundering generation interpretation) 372A.6-7
Gadsden Purchase 372A.1-2
Stephen Douglas supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act:
Abolish the 36o 30’
line
Divide the region into two territories: Kansas and Nebraska.
Admit them as slave or free states according to the principle of popular
sovereignty.
372A.3-6
Many northerners left the Democratic Party. 373A.1-2
The Know Nothing Party (a.k.a. The American Party) 373A.1-5
The formation of the Republican Party and the dissolution of the Whig Party.
The
Republican Party was not abolitionist, but abolitionists joined it. The
party was
founded to oppose the extension of slavery in the territories. 373B.6-7
Bleeding Kansas: The New England Emigrant Society, border ruffians, John Brown
375A.9-B.8
Brooks wupped Sumner; its effect 376B.4-377A.1
The Dred Scott Decision:
Blacks are not citizens, and so Scott cannot sue in court.
Slaves are property, and Congress cannot deprive citizens of property.
The Missouri Compromise, which forbade slavery north of the 36o
30’
line, is
unconstitutional. 377B.9-378B.1
The Lecompton Constitution was pro-slavery. 379A.3
President Buchanan wanted Congress to accept the Lecompton
Constitution and admit Kansas
to the union as a slave state. 373A.4
A referendum in Kansas rejected the Lecompton Constitution. 379A.9-B.1
Lincoln was not an abolitionist. He opposed the extension
of slavery in the territories.
He accepted slavery in state where the state constitution and
law protected it. 381A.1-7
Lincoln opposed the social and political equality of blacks and whites. He
supported upholding
the Fugitive Slave Act. 382A.3-B.2
Stephen A. Douglas’s Freeport Doctrine 382B.2-4
the purpose of John Brown’s raid 383A.5
Garraty says that Brown was a fanatic and “mentally unstable.” 383A.8-9
northern and southern reaction to John Brown 383A.9-B.2; 383B.8
Hinton Helper of North Carolina said that slavery was ruining the south’s
economy and
social structure. 383B.9-384A.7
The south felt trapped by what 3 things? 384A.8
The Democratic Party nominated Stephen A. Douglas. Southerners bolted the party
and
nominated John Breckinridge. 384B.8-385A.5
4 elements in the Republican platform in 1860 385A.5-7
The Constitutional Union Party made up of former Whigs and Know Nothings
nominated
John Bell 385B.9-386A.1
After Lincoln was
elected South Carolina seceded and was followed by six other states.
386A.8-B.1
the Crittenden Compromise 388A.3-B.2
Chapter 15 The War to Save the Union
2 points in Lincoln’s first inaugural address 392A.5
Fort Sumter: The south spared Lincoln the decision to attack. Lincoln
called up 75,000
volunteers. Four more states seceded. 392B.2-4
Many southerners saw secession as exercising the right of self-determination.
392B.7
Lincoln on secession: “Secession is anarchy.” 392B.8--9
Garraty’s opinion on the basic cause of the Civil War 393A.1-3
3 advantages of the north 393A.4-7
4 advantages of the south 393A.8-B.2
Jefferson Davis 395A.6-B.2
General McClellan was popular but indecisive. Lincoln finally fired him.
396A.3-B.2
the positions of radicals, moderates and copperheads 397B.4-8
Ex Parte Merryman; Ex Parte Milligan 398A.2-4
Britain’s attitude toward the Civil War 398A.7-9
The Trent Affair 399A.1-2
Grant won in the west: Fort Donelson and Shiloh 399A.8-B.2
The Monitor and the Merrimack 400A.4-5-
Robert E. Lee 400B.4-8
Lee’s war plan 401B.7
Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history. Lee suffered heavy
losses. McClellan
allowed Lee to retreat. 401B.9-402A.9
background to emancipation: “victory” at Antietam; fear of alienating border
states; hurt
plantation owners; abolition; slave revolt 402B.2-6
2 of Lincoln’s reasons for emancipation 402B.9-4.3A.3
2 areas where Emancipation would not apply 403A.3
Lincoln’s justification for emancipation: “military necessity” 403A.5
draft riots in New York City 403B.7-404A.1
Lincoln did not believe in the equality of blacks and
whites. 404A.4
some reactions of African-Americans to emancipation 404B.3-405A.2
African-American soldiers 405B.2-408A.8 (not including reviewing the past)
Burnside (USA) was defeated at Fredericksburg 408B.3-5
Stonewall Jackson outflanked Joe Hooker at Chancellorsville. 409A.6-B.1
Gettysburg 409B.3-9
Grant took Vicksburg and with it control of the Mississippi River. 410B.2
The south was hurting economically. 411B.3-6
the Homestead Act; the Morrill Land Grant Act 411B.9-412A.1
women in wartime: Elizabeth Blackwell, Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton. Women
managed farms,
worked in factories and government offices, worked in hospitals as
nurses. 412B.3-414A.3
the Wilderness 414B.2-4
“As we go marching through Georgia”; total war 417A.7-B.1
Lincoln’s second inaugural address: toleration and mercy 417B.6-7
Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House 417B.8
Chapter 16 Reconstruction and the South
In assassinating Lincoln, Booth killed mercy for the south. 425.7
Both the north and the south acted contrary to their beliefs on secession.
426A.3-5
presidential reconstruction; 3 points of Lincoln’s 10% plan 426A.7
Wade-Davis Bill 422B.9-426B.3
The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. 427A.9-B.1
radical reconstructionists: Sumner, Stevens, and Wade 427B.3
Black Codes 428A.9-B.3
3 provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment 430A.4-B.7
3 provisions of the First Reconstruction Act 430B.3-4
attempt to remove President Andrew Johnson from office. On what grounds?
431A.7-B.6
Fifteenth Amendment: the right of African-Americans to vote in every state,
especially
northern states 434A.2-6
Scalawags and carpetbaggers 435A.5-6
political corruption in the 1870s: The Tweed Ring 436A.4-5
The Freedman’s Bureau gave schooling and land to former enslave persons (See
picture, 437):
“Forty acres and a mule” 436B.7
Many former enslaved persons became sharecroppers or tenant farmers. 438A.9-B.7
Ku Klux Klan 440A.5-6
President Grant was unable to stop corruption. Whiskey Ring;
Belnap Scandal 441B.6-8
the disputed election of 1876 442B.7-443B.2
the Compromise of 1877: President Hayes promised to end military reconstruction
and let
the south run its own affairs. 443B.6-444A.3; 444B.1-5
Chapter 17 In the Wake of War
materialism; laissez-faire; the Gilded Age 447.7-8
politics of the 1870s and 1880s 448A.4; 448B.3-6
The G.O.P. maintained a majority by appealing to the African-American vote, the
tariff,
and waving the bloody shirt. 449A.3-7
protectionism 449B.2-4
African-Americans were kept from voting by intimidation, poll tax and literacy
tests.
451A.7-B.1; 451B.3-4
Hall v. DeCuir; Civil Rights Cases; Plessy v. Ferguson 451B.7-452A.2
social Darwinsm on the inferiority of Africans 452A.9-B.5
Booker T. Washington; Tuskegee Institute; Atlanta Compromise; accommodation
453A.9-454A.7
Chinese immigrants; Burlingame Treaty 456A.3-7
Native Americans: reservations, buffalo, treaties 456A.8-B.3
Chivington Massacre; Fetterman Ambush 458B.1-6
an attempt to concentrate the Plains Indians on reservations: treaties at
Medicine Creek
Lodge and Fort Laramie 458B.7-8
Custer’s Last Stand 459B.9-460B.2
destruction of buffalo; Buffalo Bill Cody 460B.3-461A.3; See picture, 461.
The Nez Perce tribe of Oregon under Chief Joseph and the Apaches in the
southwest
under Geronimo finally capitulate. 461B.1-3
Dawes Severalty Act 461B.3-462B.9
Comstock Lode 463B.3-4
land grants to railroads 466B.2-5; 466B.6-467A.6
The Golden Spike; Promontory, Utah 468A.3-4
cattle drives 468B.3-7
Joseph Glidden and barbed wire 472B.3-5
Chapter 18 An Industrial Giant
4 things necessary for industrial growth 477.9-478A.1
Commodore Vanderbilt 478B.9-497A.7
Jay Gould and James T. Hill 479B.7-480A.5
Bessemer process 481A.5-6
Mesabe Range 481A9
Alexander Graham Bell 481B.8-9
Thomas Alva Edison 484A.6-B.8
J. Pierpont Morgan (banking, railroads, steel) 486B.1-3
Andrew Carnegie (steel) 486B.7-487B.5
John D. Rockefeller (oil) 489A.1-490A.3
Gospel of Wealth 492A.9-B.8
Henry George wrote Progress and Poverty (land tax) 493A.1-5
Edward Bellamy wrote Looking Backward, 2000-1887 (Utopian socialism).
493A.5-8
Henry Lloyd opposed monopoly and social Darwinism 493A.8-B.2
the Grange; Munn v. Illinois 494B.2-4
the Wabash Case 494B.7-8
Interstate Commerce Act 495A.7
Sherman Anti-trust Act 495A.8-9
US v. E.C. Knight Co.: The court emasculated the Sherman Anti-trust
Act. 495B.5-6
early unionism 496A.1-3
Knights of Labor; Terrence Powderly; Uriah Stephens; Haymarket Riot
496A.5-497B.7
American Federation of Labor; Samuel Gompers 498A.2-4
scabs and strike breakers 498B.2-3
railroad strike 498B.8-499A.1
Homestead Strike 499A.3-7
Pullman Strike; Eugene V. Debs 499B.2-77
Chapter 19 American Society in the Industrial Age
working women: domestic servants, sewing trades, sales, nursing, teaching,
secretarial
work 505B.4-506A.3
hardships of farm life 507A.7
upward mobility through hard work and education 508B.1-2; 508B.4-5;
508B.9-509A.6
immigration: the collapse of the peasant economy, political and religious
motivations for
emigrating, contract labor, the padrone system 509B.5-7; 510A.7-B.2
nativism in the 1880s: anti-anarchist and anti-Catholic 512A.2-8 See cartoon,
511.
from cultural preservation to assimilation 512B.9-514A.3
the response of traditional churches to social problems 522A.6-7
the social gospel: Washington Gladden, William Bliss 522B.9-524A.3 (not
including 523)
Jane Addams’s Hull House; Lillian Wald's Henry Street settlement house
524B.2-525A.3
Chapter 20 Intellectual and Cultural Trends
Chautaqua movement 529.9-530B.1
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst 531A.1-8
The Morrill Act and land grant colleges 532A.5; 533B.6-7
women’s colleges; the Seven Sisters 533B.9-534A.3
John Dewey: education as a means of social progress and reform
(pragmatism) 536B.2-5
Frederick Jackson Turner 538A.6-B.1
Mark Twain: realism in literature 539B.2
William Dean Howells 540B.4-7
Henry James 541B.4-7
William James (pragmatist) 547A.7-B.2
Chapter 21 Politics: Local, State and National
Neither Republicans nor Democrats dealt with the problems of the day
nor did they differ
much on policy. Reform movements were on the cutting edge. 551.4-7
problems in city government 552B.7
Political machines were corrupt, but they provided social services at a time
when there
was little welfare. 553A.3-7
Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring; Tammany Hall 554A.2-4
James G. Blaine: The Mulligan Letters 556B.9-557B.6
2 economic hardships of the farmers 560A.4
The People's Party; 6 policies of the Populist Platform 561A.7-B.7
Free coinage of silver became the paramount issue. 563A.7
Coxey’s Army 564A.7-B.2
US v. E.C. Knight Co.; Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust Co.; Springer v.
US 564B.2-3
William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech 565A.9
Chapter 22 Progressivism: The Age of Reform
goals of progressivism:
-clean up corruption: civil service 573.9-574A.7
-regulate capitalism: interstate commerce, anti-trust 574A.8
4 conditions in the work place that needed reform 574B.9-575A.2
Good times produced the progressive movement. 575A.4
muckrakers: sensationalist and expose journalists publicize corruption; Ida
Tarbell
575B.3-576A.1
The source of social evils lay in the structure of government and business.
576A.3-5
Many progressives did not work with labor unions, stressed individualism yet
supported
prohibition, wanted to regulate capitalism but eschewed socialism, were
anti-immigrant and
did little to help African-Americans. 576A.8-B.4
Radical Progressives like Eugene V. Debs embraced socialism. 577A.1-2
IWW 577A.3-4
Emma Goldman 577B.9-580A.1 (Do not look at her picture on 579.)
Mainstream Progressives sought first to reform machine dominated city
government. 580A.7
Next was reform of state government. Fighting Bob LaFollette of
Wisconsin; primary system,
regulate campaigning 581A.3-7
-early ineffective attempts for the 8 hour work day and safety in the
work place 581B.7
-Lochner v. NY 582A.8
-child labor laws were blocked by Hammer v. Dagenhart. 582B.6
-Minimum wage law for women was overturned by Adkins v. Children’s
Hospital. 582B.7
-Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire led to laws oil safety in the work
place. 582B.8-583A.1
-Woodrow Wilson was a reform governor of New Jersey. 583B.2
On the national level the NSWA led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Susan B. Anthony fought for
the vote, women’s unions, sexual liberation; Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice
Paul and the
Nineteenth Amendment 584A.1-586A.2
Seventeenth Amendment: popular election of US senators 586A.7-B.4
TR’s anti-trust actions against the railroads and Standard
Oil 588B.2-7
the Anthracite Coal Strike: a square deal for labor and management
589B.8-590B.2
Hepburn Act 591A.8-B.1
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle; Meat Inspection Act; Pure Food and Drug Act
591B.1-3
Mann Elknis Act 592B.5
the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair 593A.2-6
Taft, backed by the Old Guard, won the G.O.P. nomination against TR who was
backed by
the Progressives (1912). 593B.8-9
TR ran for the presidency on the Progressive (Bull Moose) ticket
against Taft (G.O.P.) and
Wilson (Democrat). 594A.2
a difference between Wilson’s New Freedom and TR’s New Nationalism 594A.8
Wilson won. The G.O.P. was split. 595A.1-2
Underwood Tariff; graduated income tax 595B.7
Federal Reserve Act 595A.9-B.7
Federal Trade Commission 596A.4-5
With the Clayton Anti-trust Act, labor unions were no longer forbidden to
exist. 596A.7
4 limits to Wilson’s progressivism. 596B.4-7
Progressives did not give much support to Asian immigration, Native Americans,
African
Americans and woman’s suffrage. 596B.9-597A.9
a contrast between Booker T. Washington and Dr. William E.B. DuBois
598A.9-B.5; 599A.1-4
Chapter 23 From Isolation to Empire
Late 19th century foreign policy was usually related to trade. 603.8
5 reasons for disdain for Europe 603.9-604a.2
The Monroe Doctrine was enforced against France which was trying to make
Maximillian
the emperor of Mexico. Seward purchased Alaska from Russia. 604A.7-8
America was the “fittest” (Fiske) and was destined to spread over the world.
The
Anglo-Saxon race (now America) and Christianity were destined to dominate
the
world. 604B.9-605B.9
Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan 606A.8-B.2
Commodore Matthew Perry 606B.8
interest in Hawaii 607A.5-608A.8 (See picture of Queen Lil, 607.)
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 608B.7-9
Pulitzer and Hearst sensationalized Spanish atrocities 611A.8
the deLome Letter 611B.9-612A.1
“Remember the Maine.” 612A.2-3
Teller Amendment 612B.6
Commodore Dewey at Manila Bay 612B.7-613B.7
TR’s Rough Riders charged up San Juan Hill. 613B.9-614A7
the debate over annexing the Philippines 614B.8-615B.2
the Filipino uprising led by Emilio Aguinaldo 616A.3
Foraker Act 617A.2
Downes v. Bidwell: the Constitution does not follow the flag. 617A.2-4
Platt Amendment 617B.7-8
Roosevelt Corollary 620B.9-621A.5
Open Door Policy 612B.5-6
Treaty of Portsmouth; Gentleman’s Agreement 622A.7-B.3
Hay-Paunceforte Treaty 623A.6
dollar diplomacy 624B.5
American imperialism: an evaluation 625A.4-B.6
Chapter 24 Woodrow Wilson and the Great War
Mexico: Diaz, Madero, Huerta, the Tampico Incident, Carranza, Pancho Villa,
Black Jack
Pershing 630A.5-631A.1
Wilson, an Anglophile, did not protest against Britain. 632B.6
American businessmen and bankers profited from US neutrality and did not
want war.
632B.7-9
Justice Louis D. Brandeis; Keating-Owen Child Labor Act; Adamson Act 635A2-5
unrestricted submarine warfare 636A.2-3
the Zimmermann Telegram (Feb. 24) 636A.7
America’s war slogans: “Make the world safe for democracy.” “The war to end all
wars.”
(April 2) 636B.2
War Industries Board under Bernard Baruch 637A.9-B.4
“military industrial complex” 640A.7
The War Labor Policies Board speeded unionization. 640B.9-641A.1
war time taxation (“Soak the rich.”) 641A.9-B.1
Both German Americans and civil liberties suffered during wartime. 641B.6-8
Schenck v. US 642B.4-5
Women supported the war effort. 643B.2-644A.5
Women were paid less than men, were not accepted into unions, and were
displaced by men after
the war. 644A.8
”The Great Migration”: African-Americans in the south moved north for jobs.
644A.9-B.8
Chateau Thierry; Belleau Wood, St. Mihiel, the Argonne 646B.9-647A.6
Garraty’s evaluation of Wilson: He was too inflexible. 648B.3-5
Article X (ten) of the League of Nations Covenant 650B.9-651A.34
Senator Lodge opposed the League. Wilson’s intransigence 651A.7-8; 651B.7-9
The Red Scare: Communists in labor unions; IWW; strikes; Boston police strike;
Attorney
General A. Mitchell Palmer and the Palmer raids 654A.3-655A.8
Chapter 25 Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment
anti-immigration: Quota Acts of 1924 and 1929 625A.1-3
companionate relationships 661A.7-8
the emerging gay culture 661B.7-8
sexual liberation 664B.3-7
Margaret Sanger; Comstock Act 665A.5-B.7
divorce laws; more women in the work place 666A.2-3
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital 666A.4-5
the attitude toward equal pay for women in the 1920s 666A.6-8
Alice Paul; the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1920s 666B.3-4
movies: “The Birth of a Nation,” “The Jazz Singer” 667B.8-668B.1
the impact of radio: news, politics, advertising 669A.5-8
Jim Thorpe, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey, Gene Tunney, Bill Tilden, Babe Ruth
669B.2-7; 670A.6-7
religious fundamentalism: The Scopes Monkey Trial 671A.9-B.7; 672A.4-B.7
prohibition: its effects, bootleggers, Al Capone, repeal of prohibition
672B.8; 673B.7
The KKK was against foreigners, African-Americans, Jews and Catholics. 674A.2-3
anti-foreigner attitude: the Sacco-Vanzetti Case 675A.3-4
post-war disillusionment: Upton Sinclair, John Dos Passos, Ezra Pound, Henry
Adams
675B.3-7
F. Scott Fitzgerald: the lost generation 675B.8-676A.3
Ernest Hemmingway: the expatriates 676A.4-B.8
H.L. Menchen 677A.4-6
Sinclair Lewis: Babbittry 677B.2-6
Dr. William E.B. DuBois 678A.9-B.9
Marcus Garvey: “Back to Africa” 679A.1-4; picture 678
the Harlem Renaissance; Langston Hughes 679B.7-680A.8
Identify Frederick W. Taylor and his contribution to the manufacturing process.
681A.8-9
the impact of the automobile 681B.6-62A.4
Henry Ford 682A.5-B.4
aviation; Lucky Lindy 683A.3-8
Chapter 26 The New Era, 1921-1933
Harding’s economic policy: “Spare the rich.” 688B.8
corruption during the Harding administration 689B.2-8
The US opposed Japan’s encroachment into Manchuria. This is consistent with the
Open Door
policy of 1900. 692A.4-6
Washington Conference: The Five Power Treaty 692A.8
Kellog-Briand Pact; US stayed out of the World Court 693A.8-B.6
Japan invaded Manchuria. The League of Nations and the US did not intervene.
Stimson Doctrine 694A.5-695A.1
war debt to US; reparations to allies; tariff; inflation; Dawes Plan, Young
Plan 695A.2-B.6
Al Smith and Hoover contrasted 695B.7-698B.2 (not including mapping)
Hoover did little to help the farmers. 699B.3
3 causes of the depression 700A.7-8
failure of banks 700B.2-3
the compassionate solution of Andrew Mellon 700B.4-6
Hoover expected state agencies and charities to care for the needy. 701B.8-9
Hoover’s principle of individual responsibility 702A.9
Reconstruction Finance Corporation 702B.8-9
Hawley-Smoot Tariff; Hoover Moratorium 703A.7-8
Garraty’s evaluation of Hoover 704A.2-4
Hoovervilles; the crash 704A.6-B.6; pictures 702, 704, 705, 706
the Bonus Army 705A.2-5
FDR: Try something. If it fails try something else. FDR was an
experimenter, not wedded
to an economic doctrine. 708A.4-B.1
Chapter 27 The New Deal, 1933-1941
a run on the banks 711.6-7
Twenty-first Amendment: repeal of prohibition 712A.7
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” 712A.8
The first one hundred days:
-bank holiday 713A.2.
-US went off the gold standard and,
-F.D.I.C. 713A.4-6
-Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) 713A.7
-Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 713A.8
-National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) 713A.9-B.3
-Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 708A.1-3; 714A.7-8; 714B.4-7
-Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 714B.8-715A.8
Harry Hopkins: Federal Emergency Relief Administration 716A.7-8
Works Progress Administration (WPA) 716B.5-6
John Dos Passos, USA. 717A.2-6
John Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath 717A.7-B.1
Huey Long: Share the wealth. 719A.5-7. See picture 718.
Father Charles E. Coughlin, the radio priest 719A.8-B.8. See picture 719
Dr. Francis Townsend: old age pensions 719B.8-720A.5
Schecter v. US (“The Sick Chicken Case”) The NIRA was declared
unconstitutional. 720A.7-9
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 720B.2-4
Social Security Act 720B.5-7
evaluation of the first and second New Deals; John Maynard Keynes (pronounced
“Kaines”)
721A.7-B.2
US v. Butler: The AAA was declared unconstitutional. 722A.3-4
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) 722A.5-6
FDR tried to pack the court. 722B.6-7
This was an affront to civil liberties. 722.8-723A.2
Federal Labor Standards Act abolished child labor and established minimum
wage and the
40 hour week. 725A.3-4
the significance of the New Deal 725B.1-726A.8
Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor (the first female cabinet
member) 722B.6-7
Eleanor Roosevelt supported civil rights for African-Americans. 726A.8-727A.8
4 limits of New Deal equality for African-Americans 727B.8-728A.5
some small gains for African-Americans 728A.7-B.2
Congress granted citizenship to all Native Americans. Assimilation failed.
John Collier; Indian
Reorganization Act 728B.3-729A.1
Stimson favored an arms embargo. 730A.4-8
Nye Investigations: Bankers and munitions manufacturers dragged the US into
World War I.
730A.9-B.7
Walter Millis: The US was drawn into World War I by British propaganda, American
merchants who traded with Britain and by President Wilson. 730B.9-731A.1
Neutrality Act of 1935 731A.3-4
The US stayed out of the Spanish Civil War. Franco was backed by Germany and
Italy, and the
Republic was backed by the USSR. 731A.7-8
“Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign war.” (FDR, 1940) 736A.3-4
Lend Lease Act; Four Freedoms Speech 736A.9-B.3
Chapter 28 War and Peace
gains of labor during war time; rationing 744A.4-7
African-Americans served in the military and expected more equal treatment at
home. 745A.8
There was still segregation in the military. 745A.9-B.4
migration of many African-Americans from the south to California, Detroit and
the mid west for
jobs. 746A.2-4
The war encouraged assimilation of Native Americans and erosion of cultural
preservation.
747A.7
internment of Americans of Japanese ancestry 747B.3-748A.7
Ex Parte Endo 748A.9-B.7
women in the work force and military service 748B.9-749A.1; 749A.7-9
See picture of “Rosie the Riveter,” 749.
The primary American war effort was the defeat of Germany. 751A.7
the holocaust; criticism of FDR 753B.7-756A.9 (not including reviewing the
past)
The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Japan was
not able to take
the offensive again. 757B.4-5
4 motivations for using the atomic bomb 759A.7-B.6
Yalta; broken promises; Poland was absorbed by the USSR. 762B.8-763A.7
Chapter 29 The American Century
Taft-Hartley Act permitted court orders to break strikes and an 80 day
cooling off period.
768B.5-8
George F. Kennan’s policy of containment 769A.7-B.1
the use of the atomic bomb, deterrence, Manhattan Project 769B.3-770A.4
Truman Doctrine: prevent Communists from taking over Greece and Turkey.
770A.8-B.4
Marshall Plan 770B.8-772A.1 (not including 771)
Berlin Airlift 772B.1-773A.3
General MacArthur governed post-war Japan. 773A.9-B.2
the election of 1948: Democrats nominated Truman, the Dixiecrats nominated Strom
Thurmond,
the Progressives nominated Harry Wallace, the Republicans nominated
Thomas E. Dewey.
773B.7-776B.1 (not including mapping)
the Fair Deal 776B.2
NATO 776B.3-5
Korean War; Korea had been excluded from the US defense perimeter; Inchon; China
intervened; General MacArthur was fired. 778A.1-B.1; 779A.8-B.8;
780A.9-B.8
Wittaker Chambers; Alger Hiss; Klaus Fuchs; Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
781A.8-B.7
Senator Joseph McCarthy built on America’s frustration with the rapid spread of
Communism.
781B.8-782A.5; 782B.2-3
John Foster Dulles’s foreign policy 783B.9-784A.1
Truman aided the French in Vietnam. Eisenhower did not continue this
aid, and the Vietnamese
Communists defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu. 785A.9-B.4
2 reasons why Truman supported Israel 786A.4
Eisenhower supported Israel against Nasser. 786A.9-B.5
Khrushchev accelerated the arms race. 787A.4-5
Spitnik 787A.6
Francis Gary Powers’ U-2 plane and the collapse of the Paris summit 788A.2-3
Castro in Cuba, 1959 788B.2-5
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 789A.6-B.8
Ike enforced desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas. 790A.2-8
religion as an obstacle to being elected president 785A.2-3
Chapter 30 From Camelot to Watergate
Bay of Pigs 797A.2-3
Cuban Missile Crisis 797B.7-798B.1
hot line 798B.4-5
Rosa Parks; integration in public transportation 799B.3-4
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led the Montgomery bus boycott. 799B.5-9
Greensboro sit-in 800A.2-3
Black Muslims; rejection of American society; black nationalism; Elijah
Mohammed;
Malcolm X 800B.2-801A.1
Letter from a Birmingham Jail 801A.2-4
Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination against African-Americans and
women.
803A.8-B.1
The Great Society; causes of poverty 803B.5-7
-Economic Opportunity Act 803B.8-9
-Medicare; Medicaid 804A.6-7
-Education Act 804A.8
the importance of LBJ’s Great Society programs 804B.1-805A.1
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 805A.4-7
5 reasons for opposition for the Vietnam War 808A.7-B.2
war protesters; draft resisters; Senator Eugene McCarthy 808B.6-8
the Tet offensive 810A.2-5
the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy 810A.7-B.1
George C. Wallace 810B.4-6
the My Lai massacre 812B.6-7. See picture 813.
escalating the war; bombing of Cambodia 813A.7-B.6
Kent State 813B.8-814A.6
detente; President Nixon’s visit to China; SALT I 814B.1-815A.8
The Vietnam War ended. 815A.8-B.1
“Let them wallow in Watergate.” 817B.1-819A.2
the meaning of Watergate 820B.1-8
Chapter 31 Society in Flux
growth of the automobile industry; 4 of its effects 826A.2-4
impact of TV on politics, sports; “a vast wasteland” 826B.1-7
back to the kitchen 828A.2-7
TV 828A.8-B.1
Levittown 829A.3-5
religion in changing times: involvement in civil rights, feminist and peace
movements,
creationism, reproduction, televangelism 830B.2-8
Jack Kerouac, Catcher in the Rye, and Catch 22 satirized
phoniness. 831A.9-B.8
Jackson Pollock, op, Andy Warhol 832B.8-833A.3; See illustration, 832.
Malcolm X and the Black Muslims 835B.4-6
M.L. King led the Selma march for voting rights. 835B.8-836A.1
Stokely Carmichael opposed integration. black power 836A.2-7
riots in Watts, Newark, and Detroit 836A.8-B.1
Kerner Commission Report 836B.3-837A.1
Hispanics: illegal immigration, Cesar Chaves 837A.9-B.2; 837B.6-838A.5
4 goals of Native Americans; Indian Self Determination Act of 1975 838A.5-B.1
Sputnik caused greater effort in improving the teaching of math and science
839B.3
counter-culture: hippies, communes, drugs 842A.2; 842A.8-B.5
sexual revolution:
premarital sex, the Kinsey Report, abortion, gay and lesbian rights, AIDS
842B.6-844B.1
women’s movement: Betty Friedan, NOW, Gloria Steinem 844B.9-849B.2 (not
including
mapping)
Chapter 32 Running on Empty: The Nation Transformed
the oil crisis 854A.1-4
national malaise and economic downturn 856B.1-3
women’s movement; Phyllis Schlafly; ERA failed to become a constitutional
amendment.
859A.7-B.9
President Carter’s human rights priority in foreign affairs 860A.2
SALT II 860A.4-B.1
the Camp David Accords 860B.2-5
the hostages in Iran 860B.6
Reagan’s program: tax cut, reduction of spending on social programs,
deregulation of business
863B.2-8
The Evil Empire, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Grenada 863B.9-864A.3
Beirut 864A.4-6
4 objectives of the Moral Majority 864A.8-B.2
glasnost, perestroika, SALT II, Star Wars 865B.5-8
Space Shuttle Columbia 867A.2-5
Income Tax Cut of 1986 867A.7
President Reagan’s appointments to the Supreme Court 867B.2
immigration in the 1970s and 1980s 867B.3-868A.1
drugs and AIDS 868A.7-8; 868B.9-869A.3
relaxation of anti-trust laws, mergers 869A.4-B.2
bi-polar economy 872A.8-B.3
Iran-Contra; Lt. Col. Oliver North 872B.5-873B.1
Chapter 33 Crimes and Misdemeanors
Willie Horton 878A.8-9
drugs 878B.3-5
crack 878B.8-879A.7; 879B.1
the end of the Cold War 880A.1-3
overthrow of Noriega in Panama 880B.2
Desert Storm 881A.4-883A.1
deficit 883A.3-7
Savings & Loans, Miliken 883A.8-B.2
Clinton’s attempt at national health insurance and deficit reduction 885A.3
”Don’t ask. Don’t tell.” 882A.6-7
Reduce the deficit by spending cuts and increased taxes. 885A.1-2
Republicans controlled Congress, Newt Gingrich, Contract with America 886A.2
O.J. 886B.2
integration, Louis Farakhan, black separatism, Jesse Jackson, the racial gap in
wealth and
education 886B.5-887A.1
affirmative action 887A.2-4
violence in the media 887B.3-4
rap 887B.8-888A.1
Clinton was impeached. He and Monica Lewinsky lied to a grand jury.
888B.4-889A.6
4 elements in the strong economy during the Clinton years 889B.7-8
Bill Gates, Microsoft, Amazon 890B.7-891A.1
Florida, the vote count, and the supreme court 894A.1-5
9/11/01 894B.6-896A.6
war on terrorism 896A.7-B.7
Second Iraq War, Axis of Evil, Saddam 896B.9-A.1
Weapons of Mass Destruction 897B.7
John
A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, The American Nation: A History of the
United States, Eleventh edition (New York: Longman, 2002)
Prologue
As food became scarce in Siberia, hunters migrated into Alaska then the Great
Plains in search of
big game. 3.8; 5A.1-2; 5A.5
Tribes settle. Poverty Point on the
Corn spread to the southwest and the
Tribes that grew corn coexisted with tribes that hunted and foraged. Corn
and meat were traded.
In time there was conflict. 11B.3
By 1000 BC
It was the first urban center in North America and dominated the southeast (
Communities failed due to drought, soil exhaustion, erosion, starvation, disease
and warfare.
13B.5-14A.3
Leif Ercson 16.5
Chapter 1 Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas
economic motivation for Columbus’s expedition 20A.4
Prince Henry the Navigator 20B.2, .5
Columbus 21A.2-5
Treaty of Tordesillas (a.k.a. Papal Demarcation Line) 21A.8-B.7
Balboa, Cortez, Magellan, Pizzaro, Ponce de Leon, Navarez, de Vaca, de Soto,
Coronado
21B.7-22A.7; see map, p. 22
Spanish colonization was a record of aggression, expropriation, enslavement,
conquest and
extermination. 22A.8-9; 22B.8-9;
23A.9; 23B.2-3
Native Americans were not Christians, and there was an effort to convert them.
24A.5-B.1
Native Americans depended on hunting, fishing, and land that were not portable.
Aztecs had silver and gold that they valued for beauty and durability rather
than wealth. 24B.4
Native American land use was not based on land titles or treaties. 25A.4-5
American Holocaust 25B.2
The Spanish needed Native Americans to work the mines; the French needed Native
Americans to acquire furs; the English needed Native Americans for food and
information. 25B.4
cruelty 25B.2
John Cabot, Verrazano, Cartier 26A.7-8
Drake 28A.9-B.9
Sir
Humphrey Gilbert, Newfoundland 29A.1-4
Raleigh, Virginia, Roanoke Island (the Lost Colony) 29A.5-6
Virginia, London Co., Jamestown, joint stock company 29B.7-30A.7
malaria, Indian attacks, arduous work, indentured service 30A.8-B.1
Captain Smith and Pocahontas 30B.5-31A.1
a cash crop: tobacco 31A.7
The House of Burgesses and representative government 31B.4
Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England. 30A.3-9
The Pilgrims who went to Plymouth Plantation under William Bradford believed
that the Church
of England was irreformable and advocated
separation from the Church of England. 32B.5
Mayflower Compact 33A.8
Massachusetts Bay Co. 36A.8-9
William Laud pressured the Puritans. 37A.1-2
the great migration 37A.6
Puritans of Massachusetts Bay Co. went to
to be “a Citty
upon a 'Hill,” a holy commonwealth, a “modelle of Christian charity”.
37A.7-B.1
Voting rights were restricted to male church members. 37B.2
3 differences of opinion between Roger Williams and John Winthrop
37B.8-38B.2
Anne Hutchinson 38B.5-39A.2
Champlain 39B.8
Henry Hudson 40A.1-2
proprietors; George Calvert (a.k.a. Lord Baltimore) 40B.4-41A.3
Maryland Toleration Act 41A.7
The British took over
Berkeley and Carteret:
Quakers, William Penn, “The Holy Experiment” 43B.3-44A.2
Europeans considered themselves superior to the Indian “savages.”
45B.6
Chapter 2 American Society in the Making
3 difficulties in settling Chesapeake Bay 51B.1-4
the headright system 52B.6-7
indentured servants 53A.1-2
Explain class struggle in
3 reasons why there was prejudice against Africans 53B.4-5
3 reasons why slaves became a more common source of labor than indentured
servants
54A.7-B.5
Bacon’s Rebellion 56A.8-57A.6
3 consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion 57A.9-B.2
Since the south could trade produce for manufactured goods it did not industrialize,
whereas the
north had to develop manufacturing.
57B.9-58A.6
Slave Codes in
Some Quakers opposed slavery from the beginning. 59A.8-B.1
the life of southern women 59B.5-7
The Anglican Church was the established religion in
Scotch-Irish and German immigrants populated the backcountry in the
1770s. 61B.2
In Puritan
and was responsible for the support and
behavior of all family members. 62B.1-3
the role of Puritan women 62B.4; and children 63A.5-7
The Halfway Covenant of the 1660s; its relationship to voting; its reflection of
religious
observance 63B.8-64A.1;
64A.5-6; 64A.8-9
the role of government in supporting religion in New England 54B.3-4
the Salem witch trials 67B.2-70B.4
Harvard College was established in 1636 to train clergymen. 70B.7
The literacy of white males in
The geography prevented New Englanders from raising a cash crop and so
they turned to
banking, fishing, and ship building.
72A.2-3; 73A.7
triangular trade 73A.8-9 and map on p. 73
Leisler’s Rebellion 77A.4-5
the contribution of John Peter
Zenger to freedom of the press 77A.7-B.2
the Paxton Boys and results of their uprising 77B.4-7
rebellious women: Anne Hutchinson, women of Salem, Quaker women, Bacon’s
Rebellion
77B.9-78A.2
In politics there was a shift from monarchism to equality. There was not
this shift in family life.
78B.1-2
Chapter 3
The colonies were the king's to do with as he wished. 81.6-9
mercantilism 83B.8-84A.1
Navigation Acts 84B.2-3; 85A.4; 85A.6-8
salutary neglect 86B.9-87A.2
The interests of the colonists were primarily local, but there was a growing
consciousness of
being American. 87A.3-4
George Whitefield 87A.9-B.6; Old Lights and New Lights 88A.6-7
Jonathan
“The Great Awakening was the first truly national event in American
history.” 89A.6
Unitarianism; Benjamin Franklin was a deist. 89B.7-8
Ben Franklin, a son of the Enlightenment 90A.5-6; 90A.9-91A.2
The French and English clashed over the fur trade. The French, allied with
the Algonquins and
the Hurons, clashed with the English and
the Iroquois Confederation. 91B.2
G. Washington was sent to the
Braddock’s defeat 95B.1-2
Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham, and
96A.7-9
Peace of
Economic conditions had changed. 97A.6-8
Americans wanted to expand westward. 97B.6-7
Carnes' and Garraty’s opinion: King George III was not a tyrant; a jerk, maybe, but not a
tyrant. 98A.3
The British looked down on the Americans during the war. 98A.4-B.2
Carnes' and Garraty’s opinion: Harsh British measures following the French and Indian War
led to the
American Revolution. 98B.6
Proclamation Line 99B.4-100A.3 (map, 99)
the Grenville Acts; Smugglers would be tried in British, not colonial,
courts. 100.A.7-B.1
Taxation without representation; James Otis; Locke said that property cannot be
taken without
consent. 100B.3-5; 103A.5-6
“virtual” representation 100B.8-9
The colonists would not be satisfied with representation in Parliament.
101A.2
the Stamp Act 101A.8-9
a direct tax 101B.2
the Stamp Act Congress 101B.5-6
the Sons of Liberty 101B.7
Britain had to make its defiant children obey. 103A.5-6
The British did not think of the colonists as their equals. 104A.1-2
The boycott hurt British merchants who pressured Parliament to repeal the Stamp
Act. 104A.3
the Declaratory Act 104A.5; 104B.2-4
the Townshend Acts 104B.7
Circular Letters from the Massachusetts General Court (i.e. the legislature)
105B.1
John Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer: Parliament had no right to tax
the colonists.
105B.3-4
the Boston Massacre 106A.6-8
The Townshend Acts, except the tea tax, were repealed. 106B.6
the burning of the Gaspee 107A.1-2
the Committees of Correspondence 107A.4-5
the British East India Tea Company 107A.6
Lord North’s plan 107A.8-B.7
The colonists had to pay a small tax on imported tea. 107B.9-108A.1
the Boston Tea Party 108A.3-4
3 Coercive Acts 108B.4-5
Most colonists were willing to accept some regulation by the
insisted on its unlimited authority over
the colonies. 109A.1-2
the First Continental Congress; the Galloway Plan 109B.2-3
Chapter 4 The American Revolution
“The New England governments are in a state of rebellion. Blows must
decide whether they are
to be subject to this country or independent.”
(King George III) 113.7
Redcoats occupied
the Olive Branch Petition 115B.9
4 reasons why many colonists were reluctant to break away from
Tom Paine wrote Common Sense. He called for independence.
The king is a brute and a tyrant.
116B.2-4
4 (out of 27) “injuries and usurpations” 118A.2-5
4 advantages of the Americans 118B.6-9
4 advantages of the British 119A.9-B.5
3 weaknesses of the Americans 119B.6-7
John Adams said that 1/3 of the colonists fought for independence, 1/3 were
loyal to Britain, 1/3
were fence straddlers. 120A.6
Carnes and Garraty say that two-fifths were patriots; one-fifth was loyal to
4 motivations for remaining loyal to
victory.
Princeton 121B.3-5
Victory at
victory at
terms of the Treaty of Paris 128B.3-6
State constitutions created weak governors and strong legislatures.
131A.5-6
the end of primogeniture, quitrents and established churches in
some places 131B.8-9; 132A.2
slavery 132A.3-7; 132B.3
4 effects of the Revolution on women 134A.5-B.7
In the American Revolution the desire for independence came before nationalism.
Nationalism
developed during the war. 135A.1-2
some pre-war nationalism 135A.3-4
Land Ordinance of 1785 136A.2-3
Land Ordinance of 1787; steps to statehood 136A.6-8
Chapter 5 The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant
3 significant accomplishments that show that the government under the
Articles of Confederation
was not totally chaotic
141.7-8
The British still occupied the frontier. 141.9-142A.1
The British stirred up the Indians against the Americans. 142A.2
Many states did not pay debts owed to
142A.3-4
What was Adam Smith’s position on government regulation of trade? 142B.5
4 problems in economic hard times 142B.9-143A.5
The Articles of Confederation did not authorize Congress to impose tariffs.
143A.6
inflation and debt 143B.7-144A.1
Shays’s Rebellion 144B.3-4
the Annapolis Convention 145A.3-4
The Roman Republic and the ideals of Locke, Hobbes, and Montesquieu were models
for the
Constitution. 145B.6
2 widely held principles 145B.7-9
powers of the national government 146A.8-B.3
the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan 146B.4-147A.1
the Great Compromise 147A.5
the Three-fifths Compromise 147A.7-8
The government was created by the people through representative elected
specifically to ratify
the Constitution. It was not ratified
by state legislatures. 150B1
2 points of contrast between Federalists and Anti-Federalists
150B.4-5
Civil liberties and states’s rights would be added by later amendments.
151B.4
The Federalist Papers 151B.5-8; 155A.1-2
4 characteristics of G. Washington as president 155A.8-B.4
the Bill of Rights; Name 7 rights contained therein. 156A.7-9
the Tenth Amendment, the states’s rights amendment 156B.2-3
problems of the new government 156B.5
Hamilton
debts. 157A.8-B.5
Bond speculators made a killing. 157B.6-7
3 functions of the National Bank 158A.5-7
Was the Bank constitutional? What were
constitutionality? 158A.9-B.3
the elastic clause 158B.4
loose constructionism and strict constructionism in interpreting the
Constitution 158B.5-7
The British incited Native Americans to attack settlers. 159A.7
Resistance to the tax on whiskey was intense in
President G. Washington did not honor a treaty obligation and issued his
Proclamation of
Neutrality. 159B.8-160A.1
Citizen Genet 160A.2-B.1
The British seized US ships. 161A.1-3
The Constitution made no provision for political parties. What two
functions did political parties
serve? 161A.6-7
Hamilton and the Federalists supported the Bank, assumption of state debts, a
protective tariff,
states’ rights, civil liberties, the
French, farmers and debtors. 161B.4-9
the Whiskey Rebellion 162A.3-6
the Jay Treaty 162A.2-5
the Pinckney Treaty with Spain 163A.6-8
In his Farewell Address President G. Washington warned against the rivalry and
divisiveness of
political parties and against
entangling alliances with foreign nations. 164B.6-165A.1
the X Y Z Affair 165B.1-7
the Alien and Sedition Acts: Naturalization Act, Alien Enemies Act, Alien
Act and Sedition Act
166B.7-167A.1
the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves: the Compact Theory 167A.5-7
Convention of 1800 abrogated the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 167B.8-9
Chapter 6 Jeffersonian Democracy
The election of 1800 showed the necessity to amend the Constitution so that
each elector could
cast one vote for president and one vote
for vice-president. 171.8-172A.1
3 accomplishments of the Federalists 173A.5-6
Was “the Revolution of 1800” a revolution? 173B.2-174A.2
For Jefferson the ideal
urban culture that was prone to
regulation, vice and ignorance. 174B.2-5
3 of Jefferson’s goals 175A.8
Marbury v
review). 176B.8
“The shores of Tripoli;” Stephen Decatur 177A.7-B.2; 175B.5; See
picture, 178
the slave revolt led by Toussaint Louverture 178B.9-179A.6; see
picture, 179
The Louisiana Purchase; Jefferson’s scruple that the Constitution did not empower
the president
to acquire new territory 180A.2-5;
see map of the Louisiana Purchase, 182-3
The Essex Junto; The Northern Confederacy 180B.3-181A.2
Burr shuts Hamilton’s mouth in Weehawken, NJ. 181A.3-6
4 accomplishments of the Lewis and Clark expedition 181B.9...184A.6
the Burr conspiracy 187A.7-9
the impressment of American naval personnel 188B.9-189A.7;
189B.6
the British ship Leopard boarded and then fired upon the
The Embargo Act; its effects 191A.1-4; 191B.1
Chapter 7 National Growing Pains
Macon’s Bill #2, “nonintercourse” 196A.1-3
William Henry Harrison’s mistreatment of Native Americans 196B.1-4
Tecumseh was anti-white; his brother “The Prophet”; defeated by Harrison at
the Battle of
Tippecanoe 196B.4-197A.5
the War Hawks 196B.4-197A.5
USS Constitution (Old Ironsides), Stephen Decatur 198B.8-199A.7
Oliver Hazard Perry: “We have met the enemy and they are ours.”
200B.3-4
the British torched the White House. 201B.4
the Treaty of Ghent 203A.3-4
the Hartford Convention 203A.6-B.5
Andrew Jackson, the Old Hero of New Orleans 204B.3-4; See picture 252
4 assertions of the Monroe Doctrine 208A.3-6
the Era of Good Feelings 209A.1-2
In
1816 infant industries, farmers and even southerners and westerners favored the
protective
tariff. The
3 reasons why Jeffersonians opposed the national bank 210A.9-B.6
sectional attitudes on slavery 212B.3-213A.3
John Quincy Adams was open to the tariff, favored internal improvements and
opposed slavery.
213B.3
Daniel Webster usually supported
the Bank. Later he changed his stand
on these two issues. He opposed cheap land, internal
improvements and slavery.
213B.9-214A.7
3 provisions of the Missouri Compromise 217A.1-3
The election of 1824 had to be decided in the House of Representatives.
219A.1-2
Carnes' and Garraty’s harsh evaluation of J.Q. Adams; the corrupt bargain 219A.6-B.3
Calhoun’s South Carolina Exposition and Protest; compact theory; state
interposition;
nullification 222A.2-6
the meaning of sectionalism: sectional differences could be mutually beneficial.
Americans were
patriotic. The nation was growing.
God smiled on the American experiment. 222B.1-6
Chapter 8 Toward a National Economy
The gap widened between owners and workers.
230B.9-231A.1
There were some efforts to organize labor, 1830-1850 (during the
largely unsuccessful. 231A.2-3
3 reasons why the organization of labor was not strong 231A.3-7
The Waltham System; young women work in textile mills and live in boarding
houses; motives
for working; protests against low wages
232A.5-8; 232B.4-6
Southern cotton supplied northern textile factories. 234B.7
The cotton gin transformed southern agriculture. 235B.6-8
The revolutionary generation prized property more than the liberty of
African-Americans.
236A.8-9
colonization: Quakers attempted to relocate freed, former enslaved persons in
236B.5-8
The American Colonization Society is largely unsuccessful. 236B.9-237A.1
The growth of the cotton industry required more laborers. 237A.3-5
4 restrictions in the north on free, former enslaved persons 237B.9-238A.2
the transportation revolution: turnpikes, internal improvements the
John Marshall’s decisions favored business. 244B.5-8
Chapter 9 Jacksonian Democracy
4 developments that promoted more democracy 250B.7-251A.3
The purpose of political parties was to win elections. 251A.5-6
the election of 1824: electoral deadlock; president was selected by the House of
Representatives;
“the corrupt bargain” 251B.4
3 reasons for Jackson’s popular appeal 252B.7-253A.7
rotation in office; Jackson’s attitude on qualifications for holding public
office 253B.6-8
kitchen cabinet 254B.6
Webster’s national theory of union 254B.8-9
2 objections to Biddle’s policies 256A.3
Webster and Clay wanted an issue with which to defeat Jackson in the 1832
election.
256A.9-B.2
3 reasons for Jackson’s opposition to the bank 256B.2-4
“pet banks” 257A.4-6
animosity between Jackson, and Calhoun; “Our federal union: it must be
preserved.”;
the Eaton Affair; clash over states’s
rights 257B.5-258A.9
Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans: They were savages incapable of
self government;
the policy of Indian removal
258B.8-259A.7
the Trail of Tears 259A.8-B.7; map, 258
the slave uprisings of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner 260B.79-
Jackson’s attitude toward Calhoun and nullification 261A.8-B.1
Jackson’s specie circular and its effects 262B.6-7
2 of Jackson’s accomplishments in foreign policy 263A.3-4
3 types of people who joined the Whigs 264A.5-8
one thing on which all Whigs agreed 264A.2
Chapter 10 The Making of Middle Class America
deToqueville on equality and wealth in America 274A.8-B.7
Carnes' and Garraty’s critique of deToqueville 274B.7-275A.1
urban growth 275A.9-B.8
deToqueville: equality reigns around the hearth; women are placed on a pedestal;
new power of
mothers; objections to the cult of
motherhood; Godey’s Ladies Book; smaller
families 276B.3-277A.6
Lydia Child’s The Mother’s Book 277B.2
The Second Great Awakening opposed the Calvinist doctrines of the depravity of
man and
predestination. 277B.6-8
the frontier preaching of Charles Grandison Finney 280A.2-4
the Oneida Community 281B.9-282A.6
the Mormons 282A.6-283A.7
Robert Owen at
Charles Fourier 283A.3-5
Dorothea Dix 287A.1-3
extent of drinking in the 1820s 285A.2-6
the American Temperance Union 287A.8-9
Charles Grandison Finney: alcoholism is a barrier to religious conversion.
285B.2
Neal Dow 285B.5-6
3 humanitarian anti-slavery arguments 285B.7-8
Benjamin Lundy: persuasion, colonization 286A.4-5
William Lloyd Garrison: immediate abolition, The Liberator, denounced the
US Constitution
286A.6-8
Frederick Douglass in his early years demanded social, political and economic
equality.
287A.5-7
Douglass later became more moderate and favored gradual emancipation and working
within the
system. 287A.8-B.6
women’s consciousness raising 288A.7-9
Margaret Fuller, the Grimke sisters, Lucretia Mott, Lydia Child
288A.9-B.3; 288B.5-289A.3
Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Seneca Falls Convention 285A.3-B.4
Chapter 11 A Democratic Culture
4 tenets of romanticism 295B.6-8
5 tenets of transcendentalism 296A.2-5
3 beliefs of Emerson as found in the “American Scholar” address at Harvard
296A.8-B.5
Emerson on government 296B.8
Thoreau on wealth and government 297A.2
Thoreau on social behavior, the Mexican War, taxation, and participation
in reform movements
297A.7-B.8
Poe’s writings 298A.4-B.3
Hawthorne on Puritanism 298B.6
Melville on optimism, European ties, the inherent good of people,
transcendentalism
299B.7-300A.1
Moby Dick 300A.3-4
Walt Whitman, a transcendentalist, “Leaves of Grass” 300A.7;
300B.4-6
the Hudson River School of artists 302B.6-7
Horace Mann; 3 motives for public education 303B.6-304B.7
Chapter 12 Expansion and Slavery
Why did Jackson hesitate to annex Texas? 318A.9-B.1
Manifest Destiny 319B.2-4
the life of women on the frontier 320A.1-5
the
3 things that Polk favored or opposed 322A.4
3 of Polk’s accomplishments 322B.6-7
2 reasons for protesting “Mr. Polk's War” 325A.8-B.1
John C. Fremont 325B.2-3
3 terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 327B.1
The San Francisco `49ers 327B.7...330A.2; 331B.9-332A.7
slavery in the territories, a moral issue 330A.3-8
The Wilmot Proviso 330B.3-5
Lewis Cass’s theory of “popular sovereignty” 330B.9-331A.2
4 terms of the Compromise of 1850 335A.4-B.2
Chapter 13 The Sections Go Their Ways
Cotton was king. Railroads, westward movement, immigration,
industrialization
339.8
the price and extent of slavery 340A.7-8; 340B.6-8: chart 237A.1-4
Northerners made a profit on southern cotton. 341B.8-9
literacy among whites and blacks, north and south 342A.2-4
plantation life 342A.5-B.8
the life of enslaved persons 343A.2-8; 343B.6-8
Denmark Vesey; Nat Turner’s Revolt and its consequences 346B.7-347A.1
Importing slaves was outlawed in 1808, but about 54,000 were brought in illegally.
347A.9
the corrosive effect of slavery 347B.3-4: 347B.8
manufacturing in the south 350A.4-5
manufacturing in the north 350A.7
American laborers resented immigrants, and the Irish immigrants down on the
blacks.
351B.6-8
the labor movement, 1830-50; Commonwealth v. Hunt
352B.7-353A.2
The Erie Canal 356A.4-B.4
railroads, 1848-1852 357B.4-6
John Deere (plows) 359A.3-4
Cyrus McCormick (reaper) 359A.5-B.2
Chapter 14 The Coming of the War
disobedience of the Fugitive Slave Law 365.8-366A.7
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe made public the plight of
enslaved
persons. 367A.9
Ostend Manifesto 370A.9
Stephen A. Douglas embraced the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Slavery
was a curse
but not a moral issue. 370B.9-371A.7
The Whig Party was torn apart by pro-slave “Cotton Whigs” and anti slave
“Conscience
Whigs.” 371B.2-3
President Pierce was weak (blundering generation interpretation) 371B.6-7
Gadsden Purchase 372A.7-8
Stephen Douglas supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act:
Abolish the 36o 30’
line
Divide the region into two territories:
Admit them as slave or
372A.9-B.3
Many northerners left the Democratic Party. 372B.7-8
The Know Nothing Party (a.k.a. The American Party) 374A.1-6
The formation of the Republican Party and the dissolution of the Whig Party. The
Republican Party was not abolitionist, but
abolitionists joined it. The party was
founded to oppose the extension of slavery
in the territories. 374A.7-8
Bleeding Kansas: The
375A.7-386A.1
Brooks wuped Sumner; its effect 376B.7-9
The Dred Scott Decision:
Blacks are not citizens, and so
Scott cannot sue in court.
Slaves are property, and
Congress cannot deprive citizens of property.
The Missouri Compromise, which
forbade slavery north of the 36o 30’
line, is
unconstitutional. (judicial review) 378A.9-B.4
The Lecompton Constitution was pro-slavery. 379A.6
President Buchanan wanted Congress to accept the Lecompton
Constitution and admit Kansas